American Elm
Scientific Name: Slippery elm
Other Names: Elm, Indian Elm, Japanese Elm, Moose Elm, Red Elm, Sweet Elm, Ulmus fulva, Ulmus rubra, Winged Elm
References
Anon. Essiac for cancer? Treatment Update. 1998;10(5):4-5.
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Czarnecki D, Nixon R, Bekhor P, Mason G. Delayed prolonged contact urticaria from the elm tree. Contact Dermatitis. 1993;28(3):196-197.
Das S, Shillington L, Hammett T. Non-timber forest products. Fact sheet no. 17. Slippery elm. Special Forest Products Program, Virginia Technical University. January 2001. Available at: http://www.sfp.forprod.vt.edu/factsheets/elm.pdf. Accessed November 26, 2003.
Day S. Slippery elm - Ulmus fulva. Alternative HealthZine. 2000;10:2. Available at: http://www.alternative-healthzine.com/html/1100_2.html. Accessed November 26, 2003.
Division of Forestry. Ohio Department of Natural Resources. Slippery elm (Ulmus rubra). No date given. Available at: http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/tabid/5366/default.aspx. Accessed July 9, 2007.
Felter HW, Lloyd JU. King's American Dispensatory. Eighteenth Edition. Third Revision. Cincinnati, Ohio. Ohio Valley Co. 1898. Available at: http://www.ibiblio.org/herbmed/eclectic/kings/intro.html. Accessed: November 21, 2003
Grieve M. Elm, slippery. In: A Modern Herbal. New York: Dover Publishers, 1971. Available at: http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/mgmh.html Posted 1995. Accessed November 21, 2003.
Hoffmann DL. Slippery elm. Herbal Materia Medica. No date given. Available at: http://www.healthy.net/asp/templates/article.asp?PageType=article&ID=1460. Accessed November 26, 2003.
Jellin JM, Gregory P, Batz F, Hitchens K, et al, eds. Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, 3rd Edition. Stockton CA: Therapeutic Research Facility, 2000.
Kemper KJ. Slippery elm. The Longwood Herbal Task Force. Revised September 15, 1999. Available at: http://www.mcp.edu/herbal/slipperyelm/slipperyelm.pdf Accessed: November 26, 2003.
Kim KS, Lee SD, Kim KH, Kil SY, Chung KH, Kim CH. Suppressive effects of a water extract of Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae) on collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2005;97(1):65-71.
Langmead L, Dawson C, Hawkins C, Banna N, Loo S, Rampton DS. Antioxidant effects of herbal therapies used by patients with inflammatory bowel disease: an in vitro study. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2002;16(2):197-205.
Lee SJ, Oh PS, Ko JH, Lim K, Lim KT. Protective effect of glycoprotein isolated from Ulmus davidiana Nakai on carbon tetrachloride-induced mouse liver injury. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2006;58(1):143-152.
Leonard SS, Keil D, Mehlman T, Proper S, Shi X, Harris GK. Essiac tea: scavenging of reactive oxygen species and effects on DNA damage. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2006;103(2):288-296.
Majchrowicz MA. Essiac. Notes from the Underground. 1995;29(Winter):6-7.
MedLine Plus. Essiac. September 1, 2005. Available at: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/patient-essiac.html. Accessed June 8, 2006.
Tai J, Cheung S. In vitro culture studies of FlorEssence on human tumor cell lines. Phytotherapy Research. 2005;19(2):107-112.
Weber RW. American elm (Ulmus americana) is a native tree that has had a wide range from the entire eastern states through the central plains. Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. 2001;86(2):A7.
Zick SM, Sen A, Feng Y, Green J, Olatunde S, Boon H. Trial of Essiac to ascertain its effect in women with breast cancer (TEA-BC). Journal of Alternative Complementary Medicine. 2006;12(10):971-980.
Last Revised July 18, 2007
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